Expression Profiling of Reln Gene in Schizophrenia

2026-04-02T06:01:19Z

Title: Expression Profiling of Reln Gene in Schizophrenia Authors: shattar, Chetan Abstract: Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating neuropsychiatric condition of uncertain ethology with significant adverse effects on affected people, their families, and society. Heterogeneous population is seen in India with high degree of inbreeding. Hence it is necessary to screen the Indian psychotic patients in order to get a true picture of contribution of RELN mRNA expression level in SCZ. Mental illness is a leading cause for several metabolic changes and other related complications. It is not clear these metabolic changes may be due to alterations in the RELN gene expression or which may be because of the use of antipsychotic drugs. It is necessary to study the link between the RELN gene expression and metabolic syndrome. Aim & Objective: The present study aims to see the expression profiling of RELN gene in SCZ patients and to find the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in the them. Methodology: The clinically diagnosed patients with Schizophrenia and other mental disorders were studied for the RELN gene expression and quantification of the RELN protein using RT PCR and western Blotting. The Biochemical parameters like Serum RBS, Lipid profile were analysed by standard biochemical methods on the Semi autoanalyzer and lipid ratios were calculated in the study groups and compared with the age and sex matched controls. The statistical analyses were performed using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) (Version 20). p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical tests performed were two-tailed. Results : The data shows 50% participants suffered from SCZ and remaining suffered with other psychotic disorders. The maximum no of participants showed moderate score based on BPRS Scale. The levels of expression of RELN gene were decreased in SCZ. The levels of RBS, TC, TG, & LDL-C were significantly increased in the SCZ patients as compared with the controls. The levels of HDL-C were significantly decreased in them. The BMI, WC and Lipid ratios also found to be significantly increased in the SCZ patients. About 54.5% females and 45.5% males were found be prone for developing the metabolic syndrome. 43.2% participants were on Clozapine, 111.7% on Olanzapine, 18.3% on Risperidone and 18.3% on Quetiapine. Conclusion : Genetic analysis of the candidate genes in the psychotic disorders will be helpful in designing the therapeutic drug target drugs for their treatments. Early and regular monitoring of the patients on the antipsychotic drug treatments must be done to find and prevent risk of the patients to develop the metabolic syndrome which is the major leading cause for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in these patients. The life style modifications and early interventions will help in preventing the early deaths in the psychiatric patients.

Evaluation of hypertension with or without obesity and its correlation with MMP-9 and TIMP-1-A hospital based cross sectional study

2026-04-02T05:59:40Z

Title: Evaluation of hypertension with or without obesity and its correlation with MMP-9 and TIMP-1-A hospital based cross sectional study Authors: Shahida, Byadagi Abstract: Background and Purpose: Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases associated with obesity. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) are enzymes involved in vascular remodeling and may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels in obese and non-obese hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals and to investigate the correlation between anthropometric parameters, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, as well as the association between oxidative stress and MMP-9 & TIMP-1 in these individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 106 subjects, including 53 normotensive and 53 hypertensive individuals, who were further divided into obese and non-obese subgroups. Serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured using ELISA, while oxidative stress parameters (MDA, GSH, NO) were measured using manual methods. Statistical analysis was performed using a p-value of <0.05 as statistically significant. Results: All four groups showed significant differences in serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1, with pvalues <0.05. Positive correlations were observed between serum levels of TIMP-1 and MMP-9 and increased blood pressure. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between MMP-9 and MDA, while negative correlations were observed between MMP-9 and GSH and NO. Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of MMP-9 and oxidative stress parameters and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels may contribute to vascular remodeling and the development of hypertension. The increase in TIMP-1 and MMP-9 levels may indicate compensatory inhibition of extracellular matrix breakdown and collagen deposition leading to vascular fibrosis. The positive correlation between MMP-9 and MDA and negative correlations between MMP-9 and GSH and NO suggest a relationship between MMP-9 and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that MMP-9 and TIMP-1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in obese and non-obese individuals.

DSpace Collection:

Expression Profiling of Reln Gene in Schizophrenia

Evaluation of hypertension with or without obesity and its correlation with MMP-9 and TIMP-1-A hospital based cross sectional study