DSpace Community:

Management of traumatic tractional corectopia

2026-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Management of traumatic tractional corectopia Authors: Keerti Wali, Vaishnavi Patil, Vallabha K Abstract: Corectopia is the displacement of the pupil. It can be isolated congenital anamoly or associated with syndromes like Ectopia lentis et pupillae or Axenfeld–Reiger anamoly. [1] Aquired corectopia is often caused by trauma, surgery, or anterior chamber inflammation.[2] It is caused by a fibrous band exerting traction on the iris and may be either stationary or progressive.[2] Treatment is tailored considering the site of traction and associated comorbidities. We present a case of traumatic tractional corectopia and its management.

Adult Adenoid Hypertrophy Mimicking a Nasopharyngeal Mass: A Diagnostic Challenge

2026-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Adult Adenoid Hypertrophy Mimicking a Nasopharyngeal Mass: A Diagnostic Challenge Authors: Soumya Kori, Rupali Kumari , Savitri M. Nerune Abstract: The adenoids, also known as the nasopharyngeal tonsils, come from lymphoid tissue in the pharyngeal mucosa. They are part of Waldeyer’s ring, which is a circular arrangement of lymphoid tissue. This ring includes the pharyngeal (adenoid), palatine, lingual, and tubal tonsils. These tonsils are located at the entrance of the aerodigestive tract. They play an important role in mucosal immunity during early life by trapping inhaled pathogens and helping with antigen presentation. This contributes to both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Adenoid hypertrophy is predominantly a pediatric condition and rarely persists into adulthood due to physiological involution after puberty. When present in adults, it may clinically and radiologically mimic various nasopharyngeal pathologies, including malignancy. We report a case of a 51-year-old woman presenting with long-standing left-sided nasal obstruction. She also presented with snoring, mouth breathing and headache. Clinical examination revealed a deviated nasal

Laparoscopic deroofing of a recurrent non‐parasitic splenic cyst in a paediatric patient: A case report and review of literature

2026-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Laparoscopic deroofing of a recurrent non‐parasitic splenic cyst in a paediatric patient: A case report and review of literature Authors: Vijaya L Patil, Deepak Chavan, Santosh Madagond, Vikram Sindagikar, Babugouda Nyamannawar, Akshata Goudar, M. Hemanth Reddy, Linette Mathias Abstract: Splenic cysts are uncommon lesions, often discovered incidentally during imaging studies. Recurrent splenic cysts pose a clinical challenge due to their potential for complications such as rupture, haemorrhage or infection. Management options range from observation and percutaneous drainage to partial or total splenectomy. Laparoscopic deroofing has emerged as a minimally invasive, spleen‐preserving approach with favourable outcomes, although recurrence remains a concern, particularly in incompletely excised cysts. This report presents a rare case of recurrent non‐parasitic splenic cyst that was successfully managed by laparoscopic deroofing. This case highlights the clinical utility of laparoscopic deroofing as a safe, spleen‐conserving minimal invasive surgical option for recurrent splenic cysts. It offers reduced morbidity, faster recovery and lower risk of post‐splenectomy complications. While the risk of recurrence persists, meticulous surgical technique and careful patient selection can optimise the outcomes. A literature review supports laparoscopic deroofing as an effective strategy in managing selected cases of recurrent splenic cysts with low complication and recurrence rates.

CTLA‐4 Gene Polymorphism in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study

2026-05-01T00:00:00Z

Title: CTLA‐4 Gene Polymorphism in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study Authors: Thammineni Aniketh, Raghavendra Gobbur, Gurushantappa S. Kadakol Abstract: Objective: To analyze the relationship between CTLA‐4 (+49A/G) polymorphism and pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Materials and Methods: The observational case–control study was done for 18 months in 44 children (1–16 years of age), 22 of whom had T1DM and 22 controls, were included. CTLA‐4 (+49A/G) gene polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and validated by Sanger sequencing. Various clinical, anthropometric, and biochemistry variables were documented. Results: The cases and controls were similar in terms of age, gender distribution, family history of diabetes, and consanguinity. The average hemoglobin A1c values were higher in case groups compared to controls (12.41% ±3.09% vs. 4.21 ± 0.5%; P < 0.001). The CTLA4 (+49A/G) gene showed higher frequencies of the G/G genotype in cases compared to controls(54.55% vs. 22.73%; P = 0.030), whereas A/A was found to be higher in controls (P = 0.014). The frequency of the G allele in cases (0.66) was higher than in controls (0.32). The G/G genotype showed higher prevalence in the case group at a younger age, and siblings of offspring showed clustering of the G/G genotype. Conclusion: In particular, the G/G genotype of the CTLA‐4 + 49A/G polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with T1DM in children and to influence the age of onset.