https://digitallibrary.bldedu.ac.in/xmlui/handle/123456789/427 Wed, 22 Apr 2026 14:44:39 GMT 2026-04-22T14:44:39Z https://digitallibrary.bldedu.ac.in/xmlui/handle/123456789/4795 Title: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Carriage rate, knowledge, attitude, and practice levels among healthcare workers. Authors: Smita S Mangalgi, Astha Agarwal, Annapurna G Sajjan, Muragesh Math. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://digitallibrary.bldedu.ac.in/xmlui/handle/123456789/4795 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://digitallibrary.bldedu.ac.in/xmlui/handle/123456789/4642 Title: Breakthrough Infections: Clinical Profile and Outcomes of COVID-19 Vaccinated and Unvaccinated People From a Tertiary Care Hospital. Authors: Praveen R Shahapur, Roopa Shahapur, Smitha Bagali, Rashmi Karigoudar, Sanjay Wavare, Jyothi P, Venkataramana Kandi, Tarun Kumar Suvvari, Rahul J Mittal, Mamtha Jadhav. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://digitallibrary.bldedu.ac.in/xmlui/handle/123456789/4642 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://digitallibrary.bldedu.ac.in/xmlui/handle/123456789/4616 Title: Breakthrough Infections: Clinical Profile and Outcomes of COVID-19 Vaccinated and Unvaccinated People From a Tertiary Care Hospital Authors: Shahapur, Praveen R. Abstract: Introduction Despite the availability of a vaccine and extensive vaccination, breakthrough infections are commonly noted, which is jeopardizing the vaccine-based protection against COVID-19. The present study aims to evaluate COVID-19 breakthrough infections and to compare the clinical profile and outcomes of the vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted for two months (March-April 2021), and all cases reported during the study period were included in the study. Socio-demographic details, COVID-19 profiles, clinical outcomes, vaccination statuses, and types of vaccine were collected from the patients. Further, COVID-19-positive samples were screened for lineages using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results Of the total 103 patients included in the study, 79 (76.7%) were symptomatic and 24 (23.3%) were asymptomatic. Only 32% were vaccinated and 68% were unvaccinated. 29.2% were hospitalized due to COVID-19 and all of them were unvaccinated. The mortality among hospitalized patients was extremely high (60%). The time to positivity after complete vaccination was noted to be 37.09±23.74 days. The unvaccinated study participants showed lower Cycle threshold (Ct) values (E Gene/N Gene: 17.38±4.53) as compared to the vaccinated people (E Gene/N Gene: 22±4.25). The Delta (B. 1.1. 629) (76.7%) was the predominant variant among the study population followed by AY.4 (20.4%) and Kappa (2.9%) variants. Conclusion Although the vaccination does not restrict/avoid infection, it appears to protect the vaccinated people from severe forms of COVID-19. Also, the higher Ct values among vaccinated people indicate that the viral load among such people may be lower and, therefore, minimizes viral transmission. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://digitallibrary.bldedu.ac.in/xmlui/handle/123456789/4616 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://digitallibrary.bldedu.ac.in/xmlui/handle/123456789/4615 Title: Comparative Analysis of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunochromatography for Rotavirus and Adenovirus Detection in Children below Five Years with Acute Gastroenteritis Authors: Bagali, Smitha; Kakhandaki, Laxmi; Karigoudar, Rashmi; Wavare, Sanjay; Shahapur, Praveen; Patil, Mallanagouda M. Abstract: ntroduction The most frequent etiologies of viral gastroenteritis among young children are rotavirus and enteric adenovirus. The clinical signs and symptoms of viral gastroenteritis are not distinct enough to allow for diagnosis. For the diagnosis and treatment of acute gastroenteritis, it is preferable to use quick, simple, and low-cost procedures. This study was undertaken to determine efficacy of immune-chromatog raphy test (ICT) in comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect rotavirus and adenovirus antigen in fecal specimen among children less than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis. Materials and Methods In a cross-sectional observational study, 314 fecal samples were collected from children aged less than 5 years with acute gastroenteritis attending or admitted to a tertiary care hospital during the 1 year study period. Samples were tested for rotavirus and adenovirus antigen using ICT and ELISA. Results Among the 314 children evaluated, 112 (35.66%) had rotavirus infection, nine (2.86%) had adenovirus infection, and three (0.95%) had both rotavirus and adenovirus infection. This study found that ICT is 98.20% sensitive and 100% specific for the diagnosis of rotaviral diarrhea and 100% sensitive and 99.7% specific for adenovirus diarrhea, compared to ELISA. Conclusion Immunochromatography tests used for the detection of rotavirus and adenovirus in the fecal sample showed a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The ICT is easy to perform and rapid, and it does not require any special equipment. Hence, the ICT could be used as an alternative method for detecting viral pathogens in clinical practice. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://digitallibrary.bldedu.ac.in/xmlui/handle/123456789/4615 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z