A cross-sectional study of correlation of climatic droplet keratopathy with serum proteins, serum calcium and lipid profile

Abstract

Background: Climatic Droplet Keratopathy (CDK) is a progressive corneal degeneration linked to environmental exposure and possibly systemic factors. This study investigates associations between CDK and serum protein levels, calcium levels, and lipid profiles in a semi-arid Indian population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 64 subjects (32 CDK patients and 32 controls) was conducted using detailed ophthalmic evaluations and serum biochemical testing. CDK grading was performed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Statistical analyses employed Chi-square and ANOVA tests. Results: CDK patients were predominantly male (71.9%, p=0.006), with a high proportion engaged in farming (59.4%). Serum calcium levels negatively correlated with CDK severity (p=0.015). HDL levels were significantly reduced in cases (p<0.001), while VLDL showed significant variation across CDK grades (p=0.011). Total protein, albumin, and A/G ratio did not differ significantly. Conclusion: CDK shows strong associations with hypocalcemia, and low HDL cholesterol. These findings support a multifactorial pathogenesis involving environmental stress and systemic metabolic factors. Early screening and public health interventions in vulnerable regions may reduce disease burden.