Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis: A Case Report.

Abstract

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare diffuse lung disease characterized by deposition of calcium phosphate within the alveolar airspaces. The disease is usually discovered from birth up to 40 yrs of age and is often diagnosed incidentally during radiography of the chest for other reasons. Many patients are asymptomatic and the majority of patients either have normal or restrictive pulmonary function. The clinical course of the disease varies. While it remains static in some patients, it progresses into pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory failure and cor pulmonale in others With the exception of lung transplantation, there is no known effective treatment for the disease. Although the etiology remains unclear, mutations of the solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate) member 2 gene (the SLC34A2 gene), which encodes a sodium/phosphate cotransporter, are considered to be the cause of the disease. We present a case report of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis and its clinical, radiological and histological features.