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Butorphanol, Buprenorphine, Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block, Postoperative Analgesia. INTRODUCTION: Acute postoperative pain is a complex physiological reaction to tissue injury or disease. Its manifestation of autonomic, psychological and behavioral responses results in unpleasant, unwanted sensory and emotional experience. Despite advances in knowledge of patho-physiology of pain, pharmacology of analgesics and development of effective techniques for post-operative pain control, many patients continue to experience considerable discomfort.1 Brachial Plexus block provides adequate anesthesia and post-operative analgesia for all the upper limb procedure. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block provides anesthesia for surgeries around elbow, forearm and hand.2, 3 With this technique, land marks are easy to locate and tourniquet pain is better tolerated. With advent of opioid receptors, variety of opioid agents are used for post-operative analgesia via brachial |
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