Abstract:
Introduction: Pre-term birth defined “as child birth occurring at less than 37 completed weeks or 259 days of gestation is a main determinant of neonatal morbidity and mortality with long-term adverse health consequences”. Infants born pre-term compared to term infants experience more difficulty with- temperature instability, feeding intolerance, blood glucose regulation, jaundice, , apnea, respiratory distress and sepsis either singly or in mixture.
Aim and Objective: study the early neonatal morbidities of all pre-term neonates admitted in NICU and to know the immediate outcome in these pre-term neonates during their stay in hospital. Comparison of rate of early morbidities among SGA and AGA pre-term neonates admitted in NICU during their stay at hospital
Material and method: It is a prospective observational study done for a period of 18 months. Neonates with TTN (Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn), Birth asphyxia, Neonatal sepsis, Hypoglycemia, Hypothermia, Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, Respiratory insufficiency, Feed intolerance were included in present study.
Results: Total 50 SGA and 50 AGA babies are included with 45% female and 55% male neonates in the study. Hyperbilirubinemia constitute the major group with 61 neonates affected (61%), among which 47.5% are AGA neonates and 52.5% are SGA neonates. 24 newborns presented with infection, 15 newborns with feed intolerance, 80 newborns were with hypoxia, among them 45% was in AGA group and 55% in SGA pre-term neonates. Respiratory distress syndrome is most common morbidity in AGA neonates when compared to SGA neonates.
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Majority of the neonates in both AGA and SGA group improved in health condition (51.8% and 48.2% respectively). 42.9% of AGA and 57.1% of SGA neonates not improved at the end of hospital stay.
Conclusion: SGA neonates had significant low birth weight compared to AGA neonates in present study. Most common morbidities among the SGA neonates were infection, hyperbilirubinemia, feed intolerance, hypoglycemia, Apnea, PDA, hypoxia compared to AGA neonates. Whereas AGA neonates had metabolic disorders and respiratory distress syndrome more in them. 51.8% neonates in AGA improved during hospital stay and SGA neonates 48.2%. A significant difference of mean hemoglobin among the mothers of SGA and AGA was found. Mothers with SGA newborn had significantly low hemoglobin than the mothers with AGA newborn.
