Study of proximal tibia intraarticular fracures schatzker type 5 and 6 treated with or without 3d printing model” – a comparative study

Abstract

Introduction: Complex intra-articular fractures of the proximal tibia (Schatzker types V and VI) present significant challenges in orthopaedic trauma management. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has emerged as a potential tool to enhance preoperative planning and surgical execution for these complex fractures. This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes of proximal tibial Schatzker type V and VI fractures treated with or without the aid of 3D-printed models.

Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted with 40 patients presenting with Schatzker type V and VI proximal tibial fractures, divided equally into a 3D print group (n=20) and a conventional treatment control group (n=20). Patient demographics, fracture characteristics, and surgical parameters including operating time, blood loss, fluoroscopy exposure, and number of implant trials were recorded and analysed.

Results: Both groups had comparable demographic and fracture characteristics. The 3D print group demonstrated significantly shorter mean surgical time (110.2±19.3 vs. 142.5±34.04 minutes; p=0.001), reduced intraoperative blood loss (275±109.4 vs. 370±155.1 ml; p=0.03), and decreased fluoroscopy exposure (0.22±0.15 vs. 0.34±0.06 mSv; p=0.002) compared to the control group. Most notably, 70% of cases in the 3D print group required zero implant trials compared to only 10% in the control group (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The use of 3D-printed models for preoperative planning in Schatzker type V and VI proximal tibial fractures significantly improves surgical efficiency by reducing operating time, blood loss, radiation exposure, and implant trials. These findings suggest that 3D printing technology represents a valuable adjunct in the management of complex proximal tibial fractures, potentially improving both the process and outcomes of surgical management for these challenging injuries.