A Prospective Comparative Study Of Significance Of Two- Dimensional Echocardiography In Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy(Hdp) And Normal Pregnancy And Its Effect On Fetomaternal Outcome

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to study the echocardiographic changes in pregnant women with HDPs compared to normal pregnant women and also study the correlation between Echocardiographic abnormalities and fetal and maternal outcomes of pregnant women with HDPs and compare this with normal pregnant women. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted during August 2022- 2024, in 142 women between age group 18 -35yrs with HDPs (Group A) compared with normal singleton pregnancy (Group B) admitted in Shri B.M. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India. Results: The findings in women with Hypertensive disorders of Pregnancy demonstrated higher prevalence of Abnormal 2D ECHO findings as compared to normotensive pregnant women. The mean percentage of Ejection Fraction in Group A was significantly lesser (61.52 ± 5.13) as compared to Group B (65.59 ± 4.49); the mean E Wave (0.82 ± 0.45), mean A Wave (0.59 ± 0.35) in women of Group A were significantly higher than that in Group B. The mean Septal e' in Group A was lesser (0.119 ± 0.163) as compared to Group B (0.156 ± 0.133) (p<0.001.) This study also showed significantly higher poor feto-maternal outcomes such as Respiratory Fetal Distress, higher neonatal ICU admissions, Fetal growth retardation and low birth weight and Maternal Outcome like higher need for ICU admission in patients with abnormal echocardiographic findings among HDPs as compared to normotensive women without abnormal 2D ECHO findings. Conclusions: The results of our study will encourage early detection and surveillance of structural and functional cardiovascular abnormalities and management of high risk pregnant women who have high blood pressure.