Abstract:
Background: Dyspepsia represents one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints
encountered in clinical practice, affecting approximately 20-40% of the global population.
Despite its prevalence, the relationship between dyspeptic symptoms and endoscopic findings
remains incompletely understood, with significant regional variations reported in both clinical
presentation and underlying pathology.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and endoscopic
findings in patients presenting with dyspepsia to better understand the disease profile in our
setting.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 70 patients presenting with
dyspeptic symptoms. Detailed clinical evaluation was performed, documenting demographic
characteristics, symptom profiles, associated habits, and comorbidities. All patients underwent
upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with systematic assessment of the esophagus, stomach
(fundus, body, antrum, and pylorus), and duodenum. Biopsies were taken for histopathological
examination and Helicobacter pylori testing.
Results: The majority of patients were young to middle-aged adults (51.4% aged 21-40 years)
with a male predominance (58.6%). Early satiety was universal (100%), with high rates of
epigastric pain (98.6%), postprandial fullness (98.6%), and epigastric burning (97.1%). Most
patients (67.1%) had no significant habits, while tobacco chewing (20%) was the most common
habit observed. Comorbidities were absent in 72.9% of patients. Endoscopic examination
revealed abnormal findings in 98.6% of patients, with gastritis being the predominant finding
(71.4% isolated, 9.9% in combination). Site-specific analysis showed varying patterns of
inflammation across different gastric regions, with the antrum and body being most commonly
affected. Notably, no cases of Helicobacter pylori infection were detected.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate a high prevalence of endoscopic abnormalities in
dyspepsia patients, particularly gastritis, with predominant involvement of the antrum and
body. The absence of Helicobacter pylori infection suggests alternative mechanisms for gastric
inflammation in our population. The strong correlation between specific symptoms and
endoscopic findings provides valuable insights into dyspepsia pathophysiology and has
important implications for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in our setting.
