A comparitive study on maternal and perinatal Outcome in oral hydration therapy with ors versus No hydration therapy in term pregnancies with Isolated oligohydramnios

Abstract

BACKGROUND Modern obstetrics has made lot of advancement in diagnostic and management techniques, hence improving perinatal and maternal outcome. This has disadvantages also in the form of over diagnosis and unnecessary interventions. Oligohydramnios is the condition of concern requiring close monitoring but in modern days due to advanced techniques leads to frequent interventions mainly increased caesarean section rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women admitted in Department of OBSTERTICS & GYNAECOLOGY in B.L.D.E. (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY) Shri B.M. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura fulfilling the inclusion criteria of term gestation with cephalic presentation with Oligohydramnios were included. A total of 60 participants were enrolled and randomized into 2groups, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria Group 1 - Antenatal mothers with term gestational age 37-40weeks with oligohydramnios with Oral Hydration therapy. This group will receive 2L OF ORS every day for 3days, after 3days AFI will be reassessed Case shall be followed and intrapartum events such as foetal distress, mode of delivery, neonatal outcome with respect to APGAR score, Umbilical pH, meconium of liquor, NICU Admission , RDS, Birth weight shall be noted. Group 2- Antenatal mothers with term gestational age 37- 40weeks with oligohydramnios with No Hydration therapy. In this group women shall be followed up and intrapartum events such as foetal distress, mode of delivery, neonatal outcome with respect to APGAR score, Umbilical pH, meconium of liquor, NICU Admission , RDS, Birth weight shall be noted. RESULTS The current study aimed to assess the impact of oral hydration therapy (ORS therapy) on maternal and neonatal outcomes in term pregnancies with isolated oligohydramnios. The study demonstrated that ORS therapy significantly improves the amniotic fluid index (AFI), enhances neonatal health parameters, reduces obstetric interventions such as caesarean section, and stabilizes maternal hemodynamic conditions. The findings of this research provide robust evidence supporting the use of hydration therapy as a non-invasive, low-cost intervention for managing oligohydramnios CONCLUSION The study provides compelling evidence that oral hydration therapy is a safe, non-invasive, and effective intervention for managing oligohydramnios. The results indicate that ORS therapy significantly improves AFI, enhances neonatal outcomes, reduces the need for obstetric interventions, and stabilizes maternal haemodynamics. Given its ease of administration and affordability, ORS therapy should be recommended as a first-line treatment for oligohydramnios before considering invasive procedures. Oligohydramnios can contribute to foetal acidosis, hypoxia, and increased base deficit, especially in cases without proper hydration management. Oral rehydration therapy (ORS) may positively influence foetal blood gas parameters by enhancing placental perfusion, oxygenation, and acid-base balance. This study suggests that maintaining maternal hydration could be a simple yet effective strategy to reduce adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios. Future studies should explore long-term foetal outcomes and investigate hydration therapy's efficacy in high-risk pregnancies with preexisting complications.