Abstract:
INTRODUCTION
A systemic inflammatory response to infection in newborns, especially those born
within the first 28 days of life, is known as neonatal sepsis, a potentially fatal clinical
disease. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in
areas with little resources, where healthcare systems struggle to detect it early and
treat patients effectively1. Neonatal sepsis is divided into two categories: early onset
sepsis (EOS) and late onset sepsis (LOS).
Due to their young immune systems' limited capacity to fight infections, newborns
are especially vulnerable. Prematurity, low birth weight, prolonged membrane
rupture, maternal illnesses, and invasive treatments in the neonatal intensive care
unit (NICU) are risk factors for neonatal sepsis.
Neonatal sepsis prevalence varies greatly throughout the world, with lower and
middle-income nations reporting greater rates because of inadequate prenatal care
and restricted access to medical interventions2.
Sepsis is still a difficult problem despite improvements in neonatal care because of
delayed diagnosis, antibiotic resistance, and the high prevalence of sequelae and
long-term impairment such as neurodevelopment delays3. With an emphasis on its
epidemiology, classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic
techniques, therapy, and preventative strategies, this paper attempts to offer a
thorough overview on neonatal sepsis and effective management and prompt
treatment.
